• Present continuous and present simple : I am doing and I do • Present continuous or simple? I am doing or I do? • State verb or action verb? I think or I am thinking? • The present perfect : I have done • The past simple : I did • Present or past simple? I have done or I did? • Past continuous or simple? I was doing or I did? • Present perfect continuous: I have been doing • I have been doing or I have done? • Past perfect :I had done • Past perfect continuous : I had been doing • Review of present and past tenses • Be going to and will • Be going to or will? • Present tenses for the future • Will be doing and will have done • Review of the future • Have and have got • The action verb have • Short forms, e.g. ‘s, ‘ve
Negatives, Questions and Answers
• Negative statements • Questions • Subject/object questions, e.g. who saw you? / Who did you see ? • Who, what or which? • Short answers, e.g. Yes, it is. • Questions tags, e.g. it’s nice, isn’t it? • The patterns So/Neither do I and I hope so/not
Modal Verbs
• Can, could and be able to • Can, may, could and be allowed to • Saying something is possible or certain: may, could, must etc. • Must and have to • Mustn’t or needn’t / don’t have to? • Requests,offers and suggestions: Would you….? Shall I ….? Etc. • Should, ought to, had better and be supposed to • It may/ could/ must have been etc. • Review of will, would, shall and should
The passive
• Passive verb form • Active and passive? I did it or it was done? • Special passive patterns: I was given…, it is said…and he is said to… • Have /get something done • To be done and being done
Infinitive and ing-form
• Verb+ infinitive or verb + ing-form? (want to play/ enjoy playing) • Start ,like etc. +to-infinitive/ing-form • Verb + object +to-infinitive, e.g. invite a friend to stay • Infinitive with and without to • Question word + to-infinitive, e.g. I know what to do • For with the to-infinitive, e.g. wait for you to finish • Verb / adjective + preposition + ing-form, e.g. think of going • Afraid to do or afraid of doing? • Used to do or used to doing? • Preposition or linking word + ing-form, e.g. before leaving • Go shopping and do the shopping • See it happen or see it happening? • Some patterns with the ing-form, e.g. I lay in bed reading
Talking about Grammar
• Word classes: noun, adjective etc. • The parts of a sentence: subject, object etc.
Nouns and Articles (a/an/the)
• Count nouns(e.g. a cup) and mass nouns(e.g. milk) • Count or mass/e.g. a cake or cake? • Agreement, e.g. my foot hurts/my feet hurt • Singular or plural: clothes, news, means etc. • Pair nouns(e.g. trousers) and group nouns(e.g. team) • a/an and the • General statements, e.g. cars or the cars, money or the money? • Go to school, stay in bed etc. • On Thursday , for lunch, by car etc. • Quite, such and what with a/an • Place names and the • Direct and indirect objects, e.g. give me the money
Demonstratives, Possessives and Quantifiers
• This, that, these and those • My, your etc; mine, yours etc. • The boy’s name or the name of the boy? • Some and any • A lot of , many, much, a few and a little • All, most, some, every, each, both and none
Pronouns
• Personal pronouns, e.g. I, you • There and it • Reflexive and emphatic pronouns, e.g. myself, yourself • Review of pronouns and possessives • The pronoun one/ones • Everyone, something etc.
Adjectives and Adverbs
• Adjectives and word order, e.g. a cold day • Exciting or excited? • Adjectives + preposition, e.g. full of water • Adjective + to-infinitive, e.g. ready to go • Adjective or adverb? Nice or nicely? • Comparative and superlative forms, e.g. taller, tallest • Comparative and superlative patterns, e.g. taller than, as tall as • Much faster, faster and faster etc. • Adverbs and word order • Yet, still and already • Adverbs of degree, e.g. very, quite • Quite and rather • Too and enough
Prepositions
• Prepositions of place, e.g. to, off, near • In, on and at (place) • In, on and at (time) • For, since, ago and before • During or while? By or until? As or like? • Preposition + noun, e.g. on holiday • Noun +preposition, e.g. the answer to the question
Verbs with Prepositions and Adverbs
• Prepositional verbs, e.g. wait for • Verb + object + preposition, e.g. thank them for their help • Phrasal verbs, e.g. go out, turn around • Verb + adverb + preposition, e.g. catch up with
Reported Speech
• Direct and reported speech • Changes in reported speech • Reported questions • Reported requests, offers etc.
Relative Clauses
• Relative clauses with who, which and that • The relative pronoun as subject e.g. the letter that I wrote • Prepositions in relative clauses, e.g. the letter that I was looking for • Relative patterns with whose, what and it • The use of relative clauses • People arriving early, people left behind and the first people to arrive
If-Clauses
• Patterns with if • If, when, unless and in case • Wish and if only
Other Linking Words
• But, although and in spite of • To, in order to, so that and for • Review of linking words
